Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It often develops gradually and can make simple movements such as reaching overhead, putting on a jacket, or sleeping on the affected side uncomfortable. The shoulder may feel tight, locked, or difficult to move through its normal range.
The condition is linked to thickening and tightening of the capsule that surrounds the shoulder joint. Frozen shoulder may appear after an injury, surgery, or a period of reduced shoulder movement, but it can also develop without a clear cause. People with diabetes, thyroid problems, or previous shoulder injuries may have a higher risk.
Symptoms often progress through stages. The first stage may involve increasing pain, especially at night. The second stage is usually marked by more stiffness and limited movement. Over time, the shoulder may gradually loosen, although recovery can take months or longer depending on the severity of the condition.
Treatment may include gentle stretching, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, activity modification, and medical evaluation when symptoms persist. The goal is to reduce pain, restore movement, and prevent the shoulder from becoming more restricted.
Anyone with worsening shoulder stiffness, severe pain, or major loss of motion should seek professional assessment. A healthcare provider can help rule out other causes of shoulder pain and recommend the safest treatment plan.